Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy: Review of Literature on signaling pathways in CMPA and a Clinical Case Study

Abstract

Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a common allergic response in infants and young children. This report presents the key aspects of CMPA: clinical features, pathogenesis, symptoms, epidemiology, genetic and environmental factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Current research of methods for modulating allergic responses is also presented. One avenue being studied is the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on CD4+ T cell differentiation and regulation. Omega-3 PUFAs have been found to modify the plasma membrane organization of CD4+ T cells, thus affecting key signaling pathways involved in the manifestation of allergic diseases. The specific pathways and molecules in CD4+ T cells that are downregulated via omega-3 PUFA incorporation are presented. A clinical case study detailing the manifestations of this disease is also offered.