Clinical Approach to the Complications and Diagnostic Methodology Associated with Pernicious Anemia

Abstract

Pernicious anemia is a type of anemia falling in the category of megaloblastic anemias – a group of anemias in which red blood cells are larger than normal. This type of anemia is characterized by a deficiency in Vitamin B12 – a vitamin necessary for the production of red blood cells. With successful treatment, pernicious anemia can be successfully managed allowing those who suffer from it to live with their diagnosis. However, if treatment is not sought, subsequent sequelae may ensue in the form of disease. Such sequelae include gastric cancer, neurological disorders, achlorhydria, and concomitant iron deficiency anemia. This paper will discuss the biological mechanisms and complications associated with pernicious anemia; specifically, the complications which have somewhat unclear mechanisms of occurrence. This information will be used to gain a further understanding of pernicious anemia.